Design of Raft Foundation

Design Considerations of Raft or Mat Foundation: In those cases, where the load transmitted by the columns in a structure are so substantial or the reasonable soil pressure so little that individual footings would cover more than around one-portion of the region, it might be ideal to give a persistent footing under all columns, wall […]

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Determination of Plastic Limit of Soil

For assessment of the plastic limit of soil sample Theory The plastic limit of a soil refers to the water proportion of the soil beneath which it ends to be plastic. It then starts to crush when rolled into filaments of 3mm diameter. Tool and Equipment Porcelain evaporating dish about 120mm diameter Glass plate with […]

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Particle Size Distribution of Soil by Hydrometer Method

Aim: Assessment of the particle size distribution of soil by hydrometer method Theory Particle Size Distribution of Soil by Hydrometer Method For assessment of the particle size distribution of soil by hydrometer method Theory: Hydrometer method is utilized for assessment fot the particle size circulation of fine-grained soils passing 75  sieve. The hydrometer computes the […]

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In-Situ Dry Density by Sand Replacement Method

Aim: Determination of in-situ dry density by sand replacement method Theory A hole of stated measurements is dug in the ground. The weight of the dug soil is ascertained. The size of the hole is ascertained by filling it up with clean, unvarying sand whose dry density ( ) is computed distinctly by standardization. The […]

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Dry Density of Soil By Water Displacement Method

Aim: To determine the dry density of a soil specimen by water displacement method Theory A soil sample of normal contour is layered with paraffin wax to so that it becomes resistant to water. The aggregate volume (V1) of the waxed sample is ascertained by defining the volume of water evacuated by the sample. The […]

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Permeability of Soil by Constant Head Permeameter

  Objective: Assessment of Permeability of Soil by Constant Head Permeameter. Theory: The coefficient of permeability is equivalent to the degree of flow of water from a unit cross segment area underneath a unit hydraulic gradient. In the unimould head permeameter, the head inducing flow from the sample becomes constant during the experimentation. The coefficient […]

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Stability of slopes

A slope refers to the sloped boundary exterior amongst air and the body of a fortification like the highways, cut or fill, earth dams, levees and also the river training works. The constancy of the slope is a very critical aspect in the civil engineering practice. A properly common engineering breakdown of slope is gliding […]

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Magnitude and Intensity of Earthquake

The exact point on the faults where slip begins is known as Focus or Hypocenter, and the point perpendicularly over this on the exterior of the Earth is the Epicenter (Figure 1). The profundity of center from the epicenter, known Focal Depth, is a critical parameter in deciding the harming capability of an earthquake. The […]

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How ground shakes during Earthquake

Seismic Waves Substantial strain energy discharged amid a quake goes as seismic waves every which way through the Earth’s layers, reflecting and refracting at every interface. These waves are of two sorts – body waves and surface waves; the last are limited to close to the Earth’s surface (Figure 1). Body waves comprise of Primary […]

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California Bearing Ratio Test

Objective: To assess the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of the subgrade soil. Apparatus Loading machine-any compression could function at constant rate of 1.25mm per minute could be utilized. Cylindrical moulds- moulds of 150mm diameter and 175mm stature given with a collar of about 50mm length and removable punctured base. Compression rammer, surcharge weight-annular weights […]

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